并发编程之 StampedLock 高性能读写锁
ReentrantReadWriteLock 的性能已经很好了,但是他底层还是需要进行一系列的 cas 操作去加锁;StampedLock 如果是读锁上锁,是没有这种 cas 操作的,性能比 ReentrantReadWriteLock 更好。
这样的锁也称为乐观读锁;即读获取锁的时候是不加锁,直接返回一个值;然后执行临界区的时候去验证这个值是否有被人修改(写操作加锁)
如果没有被人修改则直接执行临界区的代码;如果被人修改了则需要升级为读写锁(ReentrantReadWriteLock--->readLock);
基本语法
读锁
java
//获取戳 不存在锁
long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
//验证戳
if(lock.validate(stamp)){
//成立则执行临界区的代码。此处省略了业务代码
// ......
}
try {
////如果没有返回则表示被人修改了 需要升级成为readLock。锁的升级 也会改戳
stamp = lock.readLock();
// 执行临界区的代码
// ......
} finally {
lock.unlockRead(stamp);
}
写锁
java
stampWrite = lock.writeLock();
try {
// 执行临界区的代码
// ......
} finally {
lock.unlockWrite(stampWrite);
}
代码示例
java
package com.mengweijin.learning.basic.lock;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock;
/**
* 一个数据容器
* 不支持重入
* 不支持条件
* 读读并发,读写互斥,写写互斥
* @author mengweijin
*/
@Slf4j
public class StampedLockDemo {
private int i = 0;
private long stampWrite = 0L;
private final StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();
public static void main(String[] args) {
StampedLockDemo demo = new StampedLockDemo();
// doubleReadLock(demo);
// doubleWriteLock(demo);
readWriteLock(demo);
}
public static void doubleReadLock(StampedLockDemo demo) {
new Thread(() -> demo.read(), "t1-read").start();
new Thread(() -> demo.read(), "t2-read").start();
}
public static void doubleWriteLock(StampedLockDemo demo) {
new Thread(() -> demo.write(1), "t1-read").start();
new Thread(() -> demo.write(2), "t2-read").start();
}
public static void readWriteLock(StampedLockDemo demo) {
new Thread(() -> demo.read(), "t1-read").start();
new Thread(() -> demo.write(2), "t2-read").start();
}
@SneakyThrows
public int read() {
//尝试一次乐观读
long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
log.debug("StampedLock 读锁拿到的戳 {}", stamp);
//1s之后验戳
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
if (lock.validate(stamp)) {
log.debug("StampedLock 验证完毕 stamp={}, i={}", stamp, i);
return i;
}
//验证失败
log.debug("验证失败 被写线程给改变了 {}", stampWrite);
try {
//锁的升级 也会改戳
stamp = lock.readLock();
log.debug("升级之后的加锁成功 {}", stamp);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
log.debug("升级读锁完毕 stamp={}, i={}", stamp, i);
return i;
} finally {
log.debug("升级锁解锁 {}", stamp);
lock.unlockRead(stamp);
}
}
@SneakyThrows
public void write(int i) {
//cas 加锁
stampWrite = lock.writeLock();
log.debug("写锁加锁成功 {}", stampWrite);
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
this.i = i;
} finally {
log.debug("写锁解锁 stamp={}, i={}", stampWrite, i);
lock.unlockWrite(stampWrite);
}
}
}
StampedLock 的性能这么好能否替代 ReentrantReadWriteLock?
不能。
- StampedLock 不支持锁重入;
- StampedLock 不支持条件队列;
- StampedLock 存在一定的并发问题。